The
tradition of study of the Categories
in Latin, from Augustine to c. 1150: a draft, revised working catalogue
One of the
aims of this draft catalogue is to provide a background to my talk at the
Many of you
will notice that what I am offering is in fact a combined version of the
‘Working Catalogue’ I published first in 1993 and the addendum added when I
republished it in my Aristotelian Logic in 2001. But, as well as this merely clerical work
of combination, I have tried to incorporate the new discoveries and
publications of the last five years. I have already benefited enormously from
the generosity of scholars such as Irène
Rosier-Catach,
Contents
1 Translations and paraphrases
2 Encyclopaedic and text-book
presentations
3 Glosses
4 Commentaries
5 Bibliography
1. Translations and paraphrases
The
Categories was known in two versions of
Boethius’s Latin translation – one his own, final translation (AL [Aristoteles
Latinus] I,
1-5, 5-41), the other a composite version, apparently derived in part from
Boethius’s final translation, in part from another translation, perhaps an
earlier draft by Boethius (AL I, 1-5,
47-79; cf. ibid. ix-lxiii and Minio-Paluello,
‘Note sull’Aristotele latino
medievale: XV’). There was also a Latin paraphrase of
the Categories, incorporating
elements of commentary, known as the Categoriae
Decem and usually attributed in the early Middle
Ages to Augustine (AL I, 1-5, 133-75).
Internal references to the fourth-century Roman philosopher Themistius suggest
that it originated in his circle (cf. ibid., lxxviii),
although a suggestion has recently been made, based on conjecture rather than
strong evidence, that the author of the paraphrase was Marius Victorinus (Kenny, ‘Les Catégories’, 130-3).
2. Encyclopaedic and text-book
presentations
(5th C.) Martianus
Capella De nuptiis
Mercurii et Philologiae,
IV, ed. Willis, 115-29 – paraphrase
(late 6th C) Cassiodorus
Institutiones, II, 9-10, ed. Mynors,
113-4 – brief, encyclopaedic presentation
(early 7th C) Isidore
of Seville Etymologiae II, 26, ed. Lindsay – brief, encyclopaedic presentation
(late 8th C) Alcuin,
Dialectica, Patrologia Latina 101, 954-64 – textbook discussion
(c.1100?) Tractatus Lemovicensis de praedicamentis in Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale lat.
544, fold. 94r-101v – a treatise on
the Categories, unfinished and
anonymous, discovered by Iwakuma : cf. ‘Vocales Revisited’.
(early 12th C) Gerlandus of Besançon Dialectica I, ed. De Rijk,
12 – 41 – detailed text-book presentation, involving his own interpretation
(c. 1110-17) Peter
Abelard Dialectica, ed. De Rijk, 51-120 (first
section missing) – detailed, interpretative discussion.
3. Glosses
(a)
to the pseudo-Augustinian paraphrase (Categoriae decem)
Standard
glosses (S-glosses) are found in a number of MSS; glosses linked to the thought
of John Scottus Eriugena (E-glosses) are found on
their own in one manuscript and mixed with S-glosses in some others. There are
other sets with striking peculiarities – for example, the glosses in MS St Gallen 274.
Edition:
a selection of glosses in Marenbon, From the
Circle, 185-206.
Literature:
Peter Abelard, Ouvrages
inedits, 618-24; Cousin, Fragments, 252-62;
Hauréau, Histoire, I, 84-96 (with extracts); Barach, ‘Zur Geschichte des Nominalismus’, 5-22; Prantl, Geschichte
der Logik, II, 40-1 and
44-5; Reiners, Nominalismus,
5-9 and 22-5; Van de Vyver, ‘Vroeg-Middeleeuwsche
wijsgeerige verhandelingen’,
pp. 175-6; Lohr, ‘Medieval Latin Aristotle
Commentaries’, Traditio, 24, p. 214;
Marenbon, From the Circle of Alcuin, pp. 121-138 and 173-9 and Marenbon,
‘Glosses and Commentaries’, 25-29; Luscombe,
‘Dialectic and Rhetoric’, 5,9.
Manuscripts:
[AL 406] Avranches, Bibliothèque municipale, 229 (s. x),
fols 194r-229v: mainly S
[
[AL 1698] St. Petersburg, Publichnaja Biblioteka im. M.
E. Saltykova-Shchedrina, E V. Class.lat.
7 (s. ix), fols 34v-40v, 1r-10r: mainly S
[AL 2159] Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, B 71 sup. (s.
ix), fols 34r-68v: E
[AL 2106] Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 6373
(s. x), fols 1r-32v: mainly S
[
[AL 2062] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, lat. 1750 (s. xex/xiin), fols 12r-27r: mainly S
[AL 621] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, lat. 12949, (s.
x), fols 24r- 39v: S + E
[
[AL 2190] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana,
Vat. lat. 567 (s. xii), fols 53f-66v: S
[AL 2187] Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana,
reg. lat. 233 (s. xi), fols 1v -27r: mainly S
[AL 2023] Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek,
cvp. 843 (s. x), fols 1v - 36r: mainly S
Less
fully glossed:
[
[
[AL 2152] Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Gadd.
Plut. LXXXIX
sup. 80 (s.xi/xii): mainly S-glosses
[AL 20541 Orléans, Bibliothèque municipale, 263 (s. x): mainly non-standard
[AL 1653J Vercelli, Archivio Capitolare Eusebiano,
CXXXVIII (143) (s. ix).
(b).
To the Categories in the ‘composite’ translation.
Literature: Leonardi,
Catalogo di manoscritti filosofici, I, p. 38 (for the Florence MS);
Ferrari, Sancti Willibrordi, (for the
Luxembourg MS); Marenbon, ‘Glosses and Commentaries’, 29
Manuscripts:
[
[AL 1698] S1. Petersburg, Publichnaja Biblioteka im. M.
E. Saltykova-Shchedrina, E V. class la1. 7 (s. ix) fols 21/23L 32/34 v
[AL 1386] Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, S.
Marco 125 (s. xi/xii), fols 1 L 1 Sf: probably from school of Alberic
[---] Luxembourg, Bibliothèque Nationale I:9 (c. 1100),
ff. 21v-40v, 57r-80v ; 49r-50v.
[AL 1511] Padua, Biblioteca Antoniana, Scaff. XXII, 553 (s. xii), fols
12L 32v.
(c)
to the Categories in Roethius's
genuine translation
Literature:
Minio-Paluello,
'The Genuine Text', 158; Bibliothèque nationale. Catalogue general des manuscrits
latins, IV, 65-6;
Aristotle, Categories, xiii; Senko, Repertorium,
1, 12 (where the glosses are wrongly ascribed to Peter Abelard); Marenbon,
‘Glosses and Commentaries’, 29
Manuscript: [AL
538] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, lat. 2788 (s. xex
for this section), fols 49r-50v
4. Commentaries
[C2
[Richer on Gerbert, Historiarum, 101], C9, C19, C23
are merely testimonies and have been omitted]
Cl (to Categoriae
decem)
Type:
collected glosses.
Date:
compiled in first half of the tenth century.
Edition:
extracts in Marenbon, From the Circle of
Alcuin, 181-206. Incipit: Disciplinaque a
disciplina ars quaelibet...
Explicit:
(incomplete; ends, badly damaged, glossing Categories,
p. 147.11 if.).
Manuscript: Paris, Bibliotheque nationale, lat. 13953, fols 50L54v.
Affiliation:
consists of S-glosses (see Section A above); cf. C18.
Literature:
as for glosses to Categoriae decem (Section A above).
C3
Author:
Notker
Labeo.
Type:
brief additions to text used in his German
translation of the Categories. Date: early eleventh century.
Edition:
Notker
the German, Die Werke, V.
Literature:
Prantl,
Geschichte der Logik, II,
62-3; Van de Vyver, ‘Les Étapes’,
441; Lewry, 'Boethian
Logic', 93-4.
C4
Title:
Excerta Categogarum et Isagogarum
Date:
probably early eleventh century.
Type:
question-and-answer
treatise, closely based on Boethius’s commentary
Edition:
Excerpta Isagogarum, ed. G. D’Onofrio
Literature:
Van de Vyver, ‘Vroeg-Middeleeuwsche verhandelingen’,
183, 195; De Rijk, ‘On the Curriculum’, 57-64; D’Onofrio (in edition)
C 5
Author:
probably, and usually assumed to be, Peter
Abelard (on grounds of parallels with C10 – Logica
ingredientibus; no attribution in MS)
Date:
probably between 1102-9.
Type:
fragment from a composite commentary. (begins commenting on Categories, p. 49.5, ends glossing
Categories, p. 55.15).
Edition: Peter
Abelard, Scritti di logica, 43-67 .
Literature: dal
Pra, ‘Le glosse’, 147-9; Peter Abelard, Scritti di logica, xxiii-xxvi;
Lohr, ‘Medieval Latin Aristotle Commentaries’, Traditio, 28; Senko, Repertorium,
I, 140; Barrow, Burnett and Luscombe, ‘Checklist’, 249-50; Mews, ‘Dating’, 74-5;
Iwakuma, ‘Vocales Revisited’.
Remarks: This commentary is often treated as if it
formed a set with the commentaries on the Isagoge,
Peri hermeneias and De divisione in the same MS, Paris, BN lat 13368, known as the
‘literal glosses’ or sometimes, probably wrongly, as the Introductiones parvulorum.
But this commentary is in fact of a different type, nearer to the full
commentary found in Abelard’s Logica ingredientibus
C6
Date:
probably early twelfth century.
Type: literal.
Tncipit: <S>ubtilis indagator rerum Aristotiles de decem generibus que pro excellentis continentie causa...
Explicit:
(unfinished; ends glossing Categories, p.
29.23-4).
Manuscript:
Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MacClean 165 [AL 258], fols 102L
116v. Literature: James, A
Descriptive Catalogue, pp. 316-9; Marenbon, ‘Glosses
and Commentaries’, 33.
C7 < cf. C8 complex >
This commentary (
C8 < cf. C8 complex >
This commentary in its various
versions is sufficiently close to C7 and C14 to be seen as a version within a
single ‘complex’.
C8 complex
Author: Iwakuma has
attributed this commentary in more than one version to William of Champeaux, but the evidence suggests that these should be
regarded anonymous commentaries, perhaps originating in
Date:
probably evolving during the period c. 1100 – c.
1120
Type:
composite.
Incipits: <In>tentio
Aristotelis est in hoc opere de decem primis vocibus decem prima rerum genera
significantibus in eo quod res significant disputare... (
Explicit: ... [various]
Manuscripts:: (A) Assisi, Biblioteca Conv. Franc.
573, fols 15v-48r (= C14); (L)
Affiliation: There is a substantial element taken from
Boethius’s commentary. According to Iwakuma, ML are closely related and seem to
represent the earliest state of the commentary that survives; P and V contain different, but related revisions, as do A and Q (which are more distant from ML).
Literature:
Hauréau,
Notices et extraits, V, 333-8 (with a few extracts);
Wilmart, Codices reginenses
Latini, I, 546-7; Senko, Repertorium,
II, 93; de Rijk, Logica modernorum,
II.I, 49; Peter Abelard, Scritti di logica, xix, n. 13; Senko, Repertorium,
I, 140; Barrow, Burnett and Luscombe,
‘Checklist’, 268; PseudoRabanus, Super Porphyrium; Marenbon, ‘Glosses and Commentaries’ 34,
36-9; Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’, 52-3; Marenbon, Abelard,
110-11, 134, 140, 145-6, 171;
C10
Title: Glossae
magistri Petri Abaelardi super Praedicamenta Aristotelis.
Author:
Peter Abelard.
Date:
c. 1117-21.
Type: composite.
Edition: Peter
Abelard, Philosophische Schriften, pp. I I 1- 305.
Literature:
prolific:
cf. Barrow, Burnett and Luscombe, 'Checklist', p. 250; Mews, ‘Dating’, pp. 76-92; Marenbon,
Abelard, 46-8
C11
Date:
probably first half of twelfth century.
Type:
mainly literal; with a little fuller discussion
of problems.
/ncipit: <Q>UOCIENS SOLET OPPONI. Expeditis
omnibus predicamentis cur praeter
propositum suum... (lemma = Categories, p.
69, apparatus to line 12; beginning of gloss
=
beginning of Book IV of Boethius's commentary).
Explicit: '"
huiusmodi mutatione in contrarium qualitatis alteratur subiectum. A causa.
Finis laboris.
Manuscript: Paris,
Bibliothèque nationale, lat. 13368, fols l85r-19l r.
Literature:
Peter Abelard, Scritti
di logica, p. xix, n.13 (where it is said,
wrongly, to begin on fol. l83r).
C l2
Author: a follower of Gilbert of Poitiers
Date: probably
middle or later twelfth century
Type: composite
Edition :
Ebbesen,
‘A Porretanean Commentary’
C13
Date:
probably first half of twelfth century.
Type:
literal (fragment).
Incipit:
(only the very end of the commentary survives;
first gloss is to Categories, p. 78.6).
Explicit: ... id est
qui in frequentiori usu habentur. OMNES PENE ENUMERATI SUNT. Et de predicamentis ista sufficiant.
Manuscript:
C14 < cf. C8 complex >
This
commentary (Assisi, Biblioteca Conv. Franc, 573, fol. 15v-48r is sufficiently close to C7 and C8
to be seen as a version within a single ‘complex’.
C15
Date: late 1130s (de
Rijk).
Type: problem commentary.
Incipit: ... utile.
Ergo nec divisio ilia est totius utilis ... (the commentary is missing its very beginning; but it starts
in the introductory section).
Explicit: ... Aristotiles tractaverat de predic<tis>... fine pre...
Manuscripts:
Affiliation:
material in common with C17 (de Rijk); and also with Cl6, C20, C21.
Literature:
de Rijk, ‘Some New Evidence’,
36-9; de Rijk, Logica modernorum,
11.1, 89-90 and 214-5
(where the manuscript number is mistakenly given as 2084); Marangon,
Alle origini
dell' aristotelismo padovano,
14, 27; Bottin, ‘Quelques
discussions’, 57-72; Ebbesen, ‘Opinion’, 72-73 (short extract); Iwakuma and Ebbesen, ‘LogicoTheological
Schools’, 175 (brief extract); XIII Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’, 55, 59-60; Marenbon, Abelard, 51; Iwakuma, ‘Prologues’; Spruyt,
‘Twelfth-century glosses’, passim (extracts);
Ebbesen, ‘Anonymous D’Orvillensis on the Categories’,
359 (with extract)
C16
Author:
probably a pupil of Alberic.
Date:
probably 1140s or later.
Type:
composite.
Incipit:
(beginning probably missing) Premissis quibusdam
que ad predicamenta
necessaria sunt de ipsis tractare
incipit. Agit autem de predicamento substantie ... Explicit: (unfinished; finishes glossing Categories, 52.1).
Manuscript: Paris,
Bibliothèque de l' Arsenal, 910, fols 145r-147r.
Affiliation:
material in common with C 15, C17, C20, C2l.
Literature:
de Rijk, Logica modernorum, I, 116-20; Senko, Repertorium,
II, 131(for description of MS; this commentary is not itself noted by
either); Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’, 55
C17
Author:
probably a pupil of Alberic (de Rijk).
Date: late 1130s or 1140s.
Type:
composite.
Incipit:
<D>icit Boethius
in comento predicamentorum:
Intentio Aristotelis est tractare de primis vocibus . ..
Explicit:
... convenientius
dicere quod quies secundum eundem
locum sit contraria motui secundum locum (possibly
unfinished; no discussion of Categories, 78.23 ff.)
Manuscript: Berlin,
Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, lat. fol. 624, fols 81r-87v.
Affiliation:
material in common with C15 (de Rijk); and also Cl6, C20, C21.
Literature:
Grabmann,
Kommentare zur aristotelischen Logik, 18; Minio-Paluello,Twelfth-C entury
Logic, II, xii-xiii; de Rijk, 'Some New
Evidence', 31-6 (with extracts); Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’, 55-6; Ebbesen,
‘Opinion’, 72, 74 (short extracts); Ebbesen, ‘Anonymous D’Orvillensis
on the Categories’, 363; Iwakuma ‘Vocales revisited’
C18 (to Categoriae
decem)
Type:
collected glosses.
Date:
compiled in the twelfth century; much of the
material is earlier.
Edition:
some of the material in Marenbon, From the
Circle of Alcuin, 181-206, but this MS is not noted.
Incipit: <C>athegorie
grece cum aspiratione latine dicuntur praedicamenta...
Explicit: (unfinished).
Manuscript: Florence,
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, S. Marco 113, fols 26r-28v.
Affiliation:
consists in part of S-glosses, but also contains
non-standard material; cf. C1.
Literature: Leonardi,
Catalogo di manoscritti filosofici, I, p. 32- 3.
C20
Author:
a close follower of Alberic.
Date:
probably mid-twelfth century.
Type:
composite.
/ncipit: Ut ait
Boethius in commento: intentio Aristotelis in hoc opere de decem primis vocibus ...
Explicit:
(unfinished; ends during gloss on Categories,
p. 65.13).
Manuscript: Paris,
Bibliothèque de l' Arsenal, 910, fols 147L62v.
Affiliation:
C15, C16, C17 and C21.
Literature:
de Rijk, Logica modernorum, I, 120; Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’, 55-58; de Libera, Universaux, 50, Géneralités, 348; Iwakuma, ‘Vocales
revisited’
C21
Author:
quite probably Alberic.
Date:
probably 1130s or 1140s.
Type:
fragment.
Tncipit: <I>ncipiunt Cathegorie Aristotelis:
quia hoc nomen predicamenta son at apud latinos hoc idcm
sonat . . .
Explicit:
(Only preface and beginning of first gloss
survive).
Manuscript: Paris,
Bibliothèque de l' Arsenal, 910, fols 143r- l44r.
Affiliation: CI5,
C17 and C20.
Literature: de
Rijk, Logica modernorum, I, p. 120; Senko, Repertorium, II, p.
131; Marenbon, ‘Vocalism’ 55; Iwakuma, ‘Prologues’
C22
Date:
almost certainly after 1120; probably
mid-twelfth century.
Type: note on
logical problems (fragment).
Edition: Dal Pra, ‘Sulla
dottrina’, 393- 5.
Literature:
Dal Pra, ‘Sulla dottrina’, 396-9; Peter Abelard, Scritti
di logica, xix, n. 13
(Dal Pra mistakenly says that the piece is found on
fol. 79v of Paris BN 13368, whereas it is on fol. 179v).
C24
Title:
Incipiunt
de categoriis pauce.
Date:
mid- or late-twelfth century.
Type: quaestio-commentary.
Tncipit: Querendum
est cur dicit Aristoteles denominativa
...
Explicit: ... et corruptio corrupto substantiale sit.
Manuscript: